ࡱ> FEA( b/ 0DTimes New RomanL v 0( 0DWingdingsRomanL v 0( 0 ` .  @n?" dd@  @@`` P_     c $@1uʚ;2Nʚ; g42d2dv 0ppp@ <4!d!d` 0L8<4dddd` 0L8<4BdBd` 0L8___PPT9((?&+ Dr. RiggsO =>Rule-Based Systems Jackson  C5Dr. Riggs Spring 2004Canonical (Post) SystemsTThe formal description of rule system Example (p 77) Alphabet {a, b, c} literals Axioms a, b, c, aa, bb, cc facts Rules rules $ a $ a $ b $ b $ c $ c5X" 5  gASome Derivations Using EGClips for the Example(deffacts jackson_p77 (axiom a) (axiom b) (axiom c) (axiom aa) (axiom bb) (axiom cc)) (defrule axiom-is-string (axiom $?x) => (assert (string $?x)))Z>1; (defrule rule1 (string $?x) => (assert (string a $?x a))) (defrule rule2 (string $?x) => (assert (string b $?x b))) (defrule rule3 (string $?x) => (assert (string c $?x c)))Z>776  CLIPS detailsWorking Memory Records all current facts Un-ordered facts Ordered facts ( deftemplate facts ) Objects Inference Engine Match facts to rules activation(s) Choose 1 rule to fire:  Conflict resolution =R=  J u CLIPS 6.21 GUI  CLIPS cycleA logical description MATCH : Find all activations : i.e. find all ways to match facts to rules Conflict resolution i.e. choose one activation Apply : Fire the chosen rule activation i.e. do the RHS    2!5 CLIPS Conflict StrategiesRules for sorting activations: Tree oriented Depth : use new activations 1st Breadth : use old activations 1st Based on specificity (# of tests - + activation time) Complexity : Simplicity LEX MEA Other Random : choose activation at randomZZDZ6Z&ZZ%ZD6&  % More about ActivationsSalience Activations for rules with higher salience come before those with lower salience Refraction The same activation will be fired only one time New identical facts may cause another fire A set of facts may match in more than 1 way  then each way can fire!` Q 1r Q 1r  CLIPS uses Forward ChainingCLIPS  Backward Chaining (eg. PROLOG)   Meta-rulesAre rules that affect (are about) other rules Similarly meta-knowledge is knowledge about knowledge Meta-x about x CLIPS does not have them N.a" F Homework CLIPS2Due Monday 16 February Code problem 4 page 96 Send your code to: riggs@cis.famu.edu before noon on Monday Subject: CAP4680 CLIPS2 8E! *C<!0EW"  ` ` ̙33` 333MMM` ff3333f` f` f` 3>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> jb(    6l "`  T Click to edit Master title style! !$  0 "  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  0 "``  X*  0T "`   Z*  0 "`   Z*H  0޽h ? ̙33 Classes0 zr0 (    0M P   M P*    0M    M R*  d  c $ ?  M  0M  @ M RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  6XM `P  M P*    6  `  M R*  H  0޽h ? ̙33@ @L(  L L 0M P   M X*  L 0M    M Z*  L 6M `P  M X*  L 6M `  M Z* H L 0޽h ? ̙33   $(   r  S 4Mp M r  S 5M `   M H  0޽h ? ̙33  P:(  r  S  M`  M   S pR M "p`PpH  0޽h ? ̙33$     `d (  r  S R`  R   <Rj&Y  tc aca bacab, RB  s *Dp   RB  s *D@     <R 5axiom  <Ry  ;R1   <fMy  ;R2    <R N  ecc cccc bccccb RB   s *D77RB   s *D77P    <`%R0,$D0 5axiom   <@)R`,$D 0 ;R3   <hgM0 P ,$D 0 ;R2 RB  s *D @@   <,0R`  ,$D 0 ;R1   <5RP p 6abccccbaH  0޽h ? ̙33^  p (   r  S |9R  R r  S 8:R  R r  S :Rp  R H  0޽h ? ̙33  $$(  $r $ S DR`  R r $ S DR R H $ 0޽h ? ̙33o  ((  (r ( S pJR`  R  ( 0 TRp :  ( 0M:  `(Dialog Window Shows what CLIPS is doing) ( 04`R `   , window Where the program is written- ( 0dR x@Menu Bar  allows actions in GUI!  ( <PhR@ 42 Y!Facts Window Shows current facts"H ( 0޽h ? ̙33  4:(  4r 4 S iR`  R  4 S rR R "p`PpH 4 0޽h ? ̙33   ,L(  ,r , S PkR`  R r , S jR R  , 00 MP zV  `0Won t use these probablyX , 00 P p H , 0޽h ? ̙33  <$(  <r < S lR`  R r < S (R R H < 0޽h ? ̙33     8L (  8r 8 S  R`  R r 8 S R  R r 8 S \Rp  R  8 <R z|  %(fact c) (fact aca) (fact bacab)&&, RB 8 s *D,**RB 8 s *D **   8 <R , 5axiom  8 <R  ;R1   8 <0R   ;R2    8 0R2   %(fact bacab) (goal aca) (fact c) &&P RB  8 s *DP RB 8 s *D   8 <R   5axiom 8 <0RP5p N R1 ( 8 <,RP p  N R2 (H 8 0޽h ? ̙33  @$(  @r @ S R`  R r @ S lR R H @ 0޽h ? ̙33  D$(  Dr D S R`  R r D S pR R H D 0޽h ? ̙33rL`s!I}+i-k/P:<>bF`DPbKvIvUbW5' NYQOh+'0 hp $0 P \ ht| Rule-Based Systems Jackson C5 Ken Riggs SYC:\Documents and Settings\administrator\Application Data\Microsoft\Templates\Classes.poto Ken Riggsts3n Microsoft PowerPointing@PcM@6!*@1-~G$g  & &&#TNPP2OMi & TNPP &&TNPP    --- !-----iyH--w@ >[wdw0- @Times New Roman[wdw0- 33. 2 Rule+!. 33. 2 Z-. 33.2 m Based Systems' !0.33--''-33- 33+$ 33'.2 d:Jackson !. 33'. 2 d. 33'. 2 d?C5*.--m;m-- 33qj:--Q1-- 33m@Times New Roman[wdw0- m.2  Dr. Riggs  . m.2 a Spring 2004!   .--"System 0-&TNPP &՜.+,0    pOn-screen ShowFAMUreeY  Times New Roman WingdingsClasses Rule-Based Systems Jackson C5Canonical (Post) SystemsSome Derivations Using EGClips for the ExampleCLIPS detailsCLIPS 6.21 GUI CLIPS cycleCLIPS Conflict StrategiesMore about ActivationsCLIPS uses Forward Chaining Meta-rulesHomework CLIPS2  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles !_Y MKen RiggsKen Riggs  !"#$%&'()*+,./012346789:;<>?@ABCDGRoot EntrydO)Current User=SummaryInformation(-PowerPoint Document(YDocumentSummaryInformation85