ࡱ> WV(  b/ 0DTimes New Roman `v 0( 0DArial Narrowan `v 0( 0" ` .  @n?" dd@  @@`` TLH* &   2 3 R0e0e     A5% 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'pA)BCD|E||S"0 33f@7uʚ;2Nʚ; g42d2dv 0ppp@ <4!d!d` 0L`<4dddd` 0L`?&+ Dr. RiggsO =K Semantic Nets Frame HierarchiesDr. Riggs Spring 2004Part of a Semantic Graph Spreading Activation in Graph Spreading ActivationHow is a car like a bicycle? Is-a(conveyance,bicycle) Is-a(conveyance,car) Part-of(car,wheel) Part-of(bicycle,wheel) How is a car different from a bicycle? Part-of(car,motor) NOT (part-of(bicycle, motor)) !?!fZXZ(Z5ZX'5An Example Frame A Frame Hierarchy Clips Objects as Frames Making Instances(definstances initial (my_car of car (color BLACK)) (my_old_car of car (color RED)(passengers 2)) ) (deffunction wifes-car () (make-instance wifes-car of car (color palomino))) n  "U> ]  CLIPS Rules with Objects(defrule choose-a-car (persons-going ?nPersons) ?f<-(object (is-a car) (passengers ?nPassengers) (color ?color)) (test (<= ?nPersons ?nPassengers)) => (printout t "take the " ?color " car." (instance-name ?f) crlf))L6^V$ ( A Method and Demons in CLIPS }A demon is a method on an object that is activated by some data activity, rather than by a direct call CLIPS method (defmessage-handler car color-of() (printout t (instance-name ?self) " is " ?self:color " in color" crlf)) CLIPS demon (defmessage-handler car put-color after (?color) (if (not (member$ ?color (create$ RED BLACK palomino))) then (put color unknown)))`uZpZ ZZup >v ] "  ` ` ̙33` 333MMM` ff3333f` f` f` 3>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> jb(    6K] "` ] T Click to edit Master title style! !$  0N] " ] RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  0dS] "`` ] X*  0X] "`  ] Z*  0]] "`  ] Z*H  0޽h ? ̙33 Classes0 zr` (    0|K P    P*    0x     R*  d  c $ ?    0  @  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  6 `P   P*    6 `   R*  H  0޽h ? ̙33@ p4(  4 4 0 P    X*  4 0`     Z*  4 6 `P   X*  4 6t `   Z* H 4 0޽h ? ̙33 0 $(   r  S `p ` r  S ] `   ` H  0޽h ? ̙33  @J(    6 ` dSemantic Network,@  0  Quillian  74 : A non-rule based paradigm Nodes Edges Labels indicate semantic types Is-a (sub-class) Instance-of One real example of the class Part-of The pieces of a compound whole General semantics Whatever else we need=    = 3   3f$RH  0޽h ? ̙33S  !)(  X2  0ppr  S `   ]8 P   p`2  0P   <ؽ=  9bicycle`]8    0 `2  0    <|`@ `  9My_Bike`[8      @ ` `2  0      <%@ @ ~ `  7wheel`RB   s *D@ p    <0 L  ?Part_off3f  < @T  C Instance_of f  <@  <Is_af3^2  6 `tL   @ # 0 - @`2  0  @   <   < conveyance `  Bx@ t 0 round  < p P  5shapeRB @ s *Dp RB  s *Dp P RB  s *D`   <:&Z carRB @ s *D@ RB @ s *DpRB  s *D  # <8  <Is_af3 $ <ȯ0   ?Part_off3fRB ' s *DpRB ( s *D H  0޽h ? ̙33^  +1((  (X2 ( 0ppx ( c $`   kF P  (  p`2 ( 0P  ( <=  9bicycle`kF   (  0 `2 ( 0   ( <(`@ `  9My_Bike`iF      (  @ ` `2  ( 0     ( <@ @ ~ `  7wheel`RB  ( s *D@ p  ( <0 L  ;Part_ofb ( < @T  ? Instance_of b ( <\@  8Is_abX2 ( 0 `tL   @ (# 0 - @`2 ( 0  @ ( <`   < conveyance ` ( <@ t 0 round ( < p P  5shapeRB (@ s *Dp RB ( s *Dp P RB ( s *D`  ( <:&Z carRB (@ s *D@ RB (@ s *DpRB ( s *D  ( <  8Is_ab ( <0   ;Part_ofbRB  ( s *DpRB !( s *D l  .(,$D0 %( H?" 30 )( H ?" 30l    1(  ,$D0t    /(  ,$D0 *( H ?"    31 +( HP?" @  31 ,( H?"pD  31 -( H?"@  0 31 0( TP?"   31H ( 0޽h ? ̙33  $$(  $r $ S t!`   r $ S 0"  H $ 0޽h ? ̙33  PJ(    6# ` ZFrames,J  0?  Minsky,  75 : Represent typical facts and structure of some object as a record Frame : represents an object (thing, concept, etc& ) Slots : attributes, role, etc. Facets : details of a slot (e.g. default value) Frame hierarchy An inheritance tree of frames   0    m/   H  0޽h ? ̙33   5 - % (  r  S Hu]`  ]  n   % #"&I  # <,?Q   U2 persons (max) @` ! <h2?Q   Mcarries @`   <$&?   S 5 miles (max) @`   < D?   Ndistance   @`   <PR?Q  Khuman @`  <|S?Q  Kpower @`  <a?W :Handle_bar, front_wheel, rear_wheel, frame, chain, pedals;; @`  <Li?W Kparts @`  <j?W MBicycle @`  <x?W JName @``B  0o ?ZB  s *1 ?WWZB  s *1 ?ZB  s *1 ?Q Q `B  0o ?  `B  0o ? ZB  s *1 ? `B  0o ? ZB " s *1 ?  H  0޽h ? ̙33   P H   (   r  S @~`     0P  @Name: Conveyance   <`HR  ?+Name: car Distance: 500 (max) Passengers: 5  <`* 6  -Name: My_car Color: BlackRB  @ s *D@ `RB  s *D` @@ l @    ` @- ,$D0B   s *D@ ,$D0   <؍ @  ,$D0 B.Name: My_old_car Color: Red Carries: 2 persons"  Hl?"j ,$D 0 h4 My car carries 5 persons *  Hl?"P0 *p,$D 0 p< My old car carries 2 persons   HX?"  ,$D 0 d0 My old car cannot move H  0޽h ? ̙33*  ,j(  ,r , S `    , T?"D &(defclass conveyance (is-a USER) (role abstract)) (defclass car (is-a conveyance) (role concrete) (pattern-match reactive) (slot passengers (type NUMBER)(default 5)) (slot color)),/H , 0޽h ? ̙33  8$(  8r 8 S `   r 8 S   H 8 0޽h ? ̙33  <$(  <r < S <`   r < S   H < 0޽h ? ̙33   @$(  @r @ S ]`  ] r @ S T] ] H @ 0޽h ? ̙33rD(2$&0+TY|gR;$qVtBv.x zQOh+'0 hp $0 P \ ht| Semantic Nets Frame Hierarchies Ken RiggsetYC:\Documents and Settings\administrator\Application Data\Microsoft\Templates\Classes.poto Ken Riggsts2n Microsoft PowerPointing@?@g @IW-Gg  !& &&#TNPP2OMi & TNPP &&TNPP    --- !-----iyH--w@o j[wdw0- @Times New Roman[wdw0- 33.2 - Semantic Nets!0!+.33--'.'-33- 33+$- 33'.!2 dFrame Hierarchies$0.!.--mm-- 33qj--Q1-- 33m@Times New Roman[wdw0- m.2  Dr. Riggs  . m.2 a Spring 2004!   .--"System 0-&TNPP &՜.+,0    On-screen ShowFAMUreez  Times New Roman Arial NarrowClasses Semantic Nets Frame HierarchiesPowerPoint PresentationPart of a Semantic GraphSpreading Activation in GraphSpreading ActivationPowerPoint PresentationAn Example FrameA Frame HierarchyClips Objects as FramesMaking InstancesCLIPS Rules with ObjectsMethod and Demons in CLIPS  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles !_fz Ken RiggsKen Riggs  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=?@ABCDEGHIJKLMOPQRSTUXRoot EntrydO)Current UserNSummaryInformation(>PowerPoint Document(zDocumentSummaryInformation8F